AP Comparative Government (COGO) Iran Practice Test

These questions are part of the practice quiz. Start practicing

• Which of the following are adversaries of Iran?
• Which statement describes the composition of Iran's Guardian Council?
• According to the material, how did the Safavid dynasty function in governance?
• Which body can veto laws?
• Basij operates under which parent organization?
• What factor contributed to Ahmadinejad's 2005 victory?
• What is the purpose of reserved minority seats in Iran's Majlis?
• Which groups hold reserved parliamentary seats in Iran's Majles?
• How do Iran's budgeting decisions respond to volatile oil markets?
• How are Majles members elected, and what vetting do they face?
• How are human rights characterized within Iran's political system?
• What term best describes Iran's governance after the revolution—a system that integrates religious authority with political power?
• What happened with Reza Khan and who took his place?
• What did Khomeini's constitution do?
• To whom is the Expediency Council answerable?
• Which body resolves conflicts between the Majles and the Guardian Council?
• What constrains reformist political activity in Iran?
• Civil liberties in Iran are limited by which considerations?
• How would you differentiate conservatives from reformists within Iran's politics?
• How are inflation and currency management addressed in Iran?
• How do sanctions shape political messaging and legitimacy in Iran?
• What is the typical path for economic reform within the Iranian political system?
• Which two bodies' disputes does the Expediency Discernment Council arbitrate?
• What democratic elements did Mohammad Reza Shah establish in his early term?
• What is a Rentier State?
• What helped spark Iran's Constitutional Revolution (1905-1909) according to the material?
• In Khomeini's framework, what guides judges' decisions?
• How does religious education influence governance and policy?
• How do environmental and economic crises shape reform prospects in Iran?
• Guardian Council and their role?
• How do youth and student movements influence Iranian politics?
• In Iran, what must happen for Majles laws to take effect?
• How is governance characterized by the term 'theocratic democracy' in Iran?
• Which description best summarizes the Safavid dynasty's role in governance, according to the material?
• Which authority has final say on religious legitimacy in Iran's political system?
• What power does the Majles have regarding the national budget?
• How did the 1979 Islamic Revolution redefine political legitimacy in Iran?
• What are Iran's rankings in oil production according to the material?
• What was the Green Movement of 2009, and why is it significant?
• Who can remove the Supreme Leader?
• How many members are in the Majles, and what are its primary legislative authorities?
• Which body is the main legislative branch that represents the people in Iran's political system?
• What was the combined share of Germany and France in Iran's 19th-century foreign trade?
• What characterizes Iran as a rentier state in economic terms?
• How does Iranian education policy reflect political ideology?
• Which body was institutionalized by Khomeini's constitution?
• Which item is listed as a concern for Iran's future?
• How do energy subsidies reflect Iranian policy and political economy?
• Which statement is true about the Qajar dynasty's capital?
• Which institution vets candidates for elections?
• Which actor is renowned for controlling security and intelligence operations and having extensive economic interests, shaping domestic and foreign policy?
• What is the role of the Guardian Council in Iran's lawmaking process?
• What constraints limit civil liberties in Iran?
• How do sanctions relate to domestic policy in Iran?
• What share of Iran's population lives near the Caspian Sea, given the distribution on land?
• How does Iran's nuclear program affect its domestic politics and international relations?
• How do the Guardian Council complement Expediency Council in policy governance?
• Which language is spoken by the largest share of Iran's population according to the statistics?
• Which body acts as the middle man between the Majles and the Guardian Council?
• Which body implements policy in Iran's foreign policy?
• How does Iran control and shape its media landscape?
• What is unusual about the Iranian constitution?
• How does Iran regulate media and political speech?
• Who removed the Pahlavi regime?
• How are ethnic minorities represented within Iran's political structure?
• What percentage is categorized as 'Others' (Jews, etc.) in Iran's religious makeup?
• How have international sanctions changed Iran's economic policy choices?
• How does the Iranian constitution describe the relationship between religion and law?
• What percentage of women hold ministerial positions in Iran?
• What are bonyads, and what role do they play in Iran's politics?
• Why is Iran's nuclear program central to its diplomacy?
• How important was oil to Iran's economy?
• Which principle did Khomeini invoke to justify his power?
• What is the Basij, and what role does it play in Iran's governance?
• Why is Guardian Council scrutiny of elections influential?
• Which combinations constitute the elected legislative and executive institutions in Iran according to the constitution?
• How do elections contribute to the legitimacy of the Islamic Republic?
• Which country is identified as a regional rival of Iran in its foreign policy?
• How does the Supreme Leader supervise the judiciary?
• How does Iran blend theocracy with republican institutions in its constitution?
• Which body drafts laws in Iran's policy-making process?
• Why are democracy and Sharia often seen as at odds?
• Who holds the most political power in Iran?
• After 9/11, how did Iran's relation to the United States change?
• In Iran, what is the general lawmaking process involving the presidency, the Majles, the Guardian Council, and the Leader?
• What is the Expediency Council's primary role?
• What rights are guaranteed to religious minorities in the Majles?
• What distinguishes reformists from conservatives in Iranian politics?
• Which body resolves disputes between the Majles and the Guardian Council in Iran's system?
• On February 11, 1979, what happened in Iran?
• Who elects the Assembly of Experts?
• What describes the judiciary's basis of law in Iran?
• What is the role of the Guardian Council in elections and legislation?
• Which statement best reflects Iran's regional foreign policy aims?
• In the 19th century, which two countries comprised the largest share of Iran's foreign trade?
• What is the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC), and what roles does it play beyond security?
• Which body can veto legislation?
• For how many years are members of the Majles elected?
• How does the material describe Iran's wartime conduct?
• Which statement describes the Expediency Council in Iran?
• What is the Majles, and what is its function?
• Who are the baazaris according to the text?
• Who were the Pahlavis?
• Who vets elections and legislation for compatibility with the constitution and Sharia?
• Which institutions shape governance and public life in Iran?
• How does international law interact with Iran's sovereignty and Sharia?
• Who appoints the clergy on the Guardian Council?
• What is the power of the Assembly of Experts?
• What is the status of women's political participation in Iran?
• Which policy did the Safavids implement toward religious minorities?
• How many members are in the Majles?
• What is the nature of the formal political parties in Iran?
• What is the Basij and what is its role in Iranian politics and society?
• Which demographic trend is mentioned as a concern for Iran?
• Which development contributed to the difficulties of the second decade after the revolution?
• What was Iran's official name before it changed to Iran?
• How does the Iranian constitution frame the state's power over religion and law?
• Who were the Hezbollahis?
• What functions do local councils serve in Iran's governance system?
• Which party did the Pahlavi Foundation claim as the only legitimate party?
• Which statement best describes the relationship between the Presidency and the Leader in Iran's political system?
• During national crises, which actors coordinate to manage the situation and direct policy?
• What percentage of women are in the lower house of Iran's government?
• Why is the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps considered a powerful actor beyond the formal branches?
• How does Iran's oil sector influence politics?
• How does foreign policy influence domestic political dynamics in Iran?
• What powers does the Supreme Leader have over Iran's military and security services?
• Which factor is most commonly cited as giving clerics power in Iran after the revolution?
• Which U.S. president denounced Iran's Grand Bargain in the Axis of Evil speech?
• Which body drafts laws in Iran's policy-making process?
• What statement about Iran's elections is contradictory?
• Who appoints the head of Iran's judiciary?
• What is the status of recognized religious minorities in Iran's political system?
• How do crises or sanctions affect the regime's legitimacy?
• What is the purpose of the Expediency Discernment Council?
• Who appoints the Head of the Judiciary in Iran?
• Which term describes Iran's leader who holds ultimate political authority and shapes religious and political life?
• What is the primary function of the Expediency Discernment Council?
• Who appoints all Expediency Council members?
• Which body has the formal power to appoint or dismiss the Leader, though it rarely uses it in practice?
• Which external powers shape Iran's foreign policy options through diplomacy, sanctions, and alliances?
• What are the main components of Iran's constitutional structure for checks and balances?
• What are the two pillars that the Guardian Council ensures compatibility with?
• Which two changes are cited as leading to the revolutionary crisis?
• Which body is elected by the people?
• Which relationship is described as struggling for Iran?
• How does Sharia influence Iran's family and criminal law?
• What are the main security agencies in Iran and their roles?
• How have sanctions affected Iran's economy and policy responses?
• How are treaties and international agreements treated in Iran's legal system?
• How do national crises influence power dynamics in Iran?
• What roles do Iran's security agencies perform?
• What is the Iranian judicial branch like?
• How is the President elected and what are the constitutional constraints on presidential power?
• What are the core constitutional limits on presidential power in Iran?
• What expansions were made during the Pahlavi administration?
• How is Iran organized administratively, and what is the role of provincial governors?
• Which government entity holds the most power in Iran?
• What is the base for Iran's governing system?
• How do reformists pursue influence within Iran's political limits?
• According to the material, how long did the Islamic Republic last?
• What share of Iran's population speaks Arabic according to the material?
• How does Iran project regional soft power?
• How do sanctions influence Iran's fiscal behavior in relation to social programs?
• Who shapes foreign policy decisions—President or Supreme Leader—and why?
• How can the Majles remove or challenge ministers or the president?
• What fiscal challenges arise from sanctions, and how does Iran respond?
• What are Iran's primary foreign policy objectives in the Middle East?
• What is the religious makeup of Iran?
• What is the function of the Assembly of Experts in practice?
• Which statement best characterizes Iran's rentier economy?
• How does gender policy shape political life in Iran?
• What is the role and appointment of ostan-dars in Iran's provinces?
• How does Iran regulate civil liberties and political opposition?
• Which body elects the Supreme Leader, and what power does it have regarding removal?
• What are the key forums and actors in Iran's policy-making process?
• What is the core constitutional principle that legitimizes Iran's political system?
• In Iran's foreign policy, which actors primarily set strategy?
• Who led the 1906 strike demanding a new constitution?
• How do clerics influence day-to-day governance in Iran?
• Which statement describes Safavid treatment of religious minorities as per the material?
• Which sector is described as Iran's main source of revenue?
• Which combination of domestic issues is most likely to trigger protests in Iran?
• What was the Islamic Republic?
• Which mechanism supports Iran's regional soft power?
• What constrains political integration of ethnic minorities within Iran's political system?
• Which statement best describes the reasons for Khatami's 1997 victory?
• Which of the following is true about the Qajar era's capital relocation?
• How did the Majles feel about the transfer of political power from the Qajars to the Pahlavis?
• How does the Guardian Council affect electoral competition?
• What is the composition and main role of the Assembly of Experts?
• What is the literacy rate for Iran's citizens?
• Which statement best describes the Zoroastrians according to the material?
• What is the dynamic between the President and the Supreme Leader in policy execution?
• Guardian Council membership composition?
• Who are the Hojat al-Islams?
• Why is reform progress typically incremental in Iran?
• What reforms did the Pahlavis implement?
• Which body can impeach cabinet members?
• By approximately what share of the vote did Khatami win?
• What did the new constitution promise?
• What is the Assembly of Experts, and what is its decisive function in relation to leadership?
• How does the Guardian Council influence presidential elections specifically?
• How is the head of Iran's judiciary chosen, and what does this imply about judicial independence?
• Which description best captures Iran's approach to civil liberties and political opposition?
• What does the term velayat-e faqih imply for policy-making?
• The death of Khomeini occurred in which year?
• Which statement best describes the President's relationship to the Supreme Leader?
• What is the government's typical response to dissent from youth and student groups?
• Bazargan's resignation was connected to protests and attacks on which target?
• How does Iran manage labor, welfare, and class relations?
• Expediency Council's primary function.
• What is Velayat-e Faqih and why is it central to Iran's political order?
• How did the US influence Iran in 1953?
• What is the judiciary's role in political trials and security cases?
• Why was Mosaddeq forced to change his democratic ways?
• What type of government is Iran considered to be?
• Which statement about the Iranian president is true?
• How is the Guardian Council composed and chosen?
• Which body elects the Supreme Leader?
• How is the judiciary structured and who controls it?
• Which position is directly appointed by the Supreme Leader?
• What was the purpose of the 1979 constitution?
• What is the role of the Assembly of Experts in relation to the Supreme Leader's tenure?
• Why do reform-minded actors pursue incremental change within Iran's system?
• Bazargan was Iran's first prime minister. Which statement about him is accurate?
• What are the main sources of legitimacy for Iran's regime?
• Assembly of Religious Experts?
• How many provinces does Iran have, and how are governors-general appointed?
• What did Iran do in 2002 to attract foreign investment?
• Who among the following is described as seeking equality?
• What is the role of provinces in Iran's governance?
• In 2003, Iran proposed the Grand Bargain. How did the US react?
• How does the Bazaar influence Iranian politics?
• Which factor helps ensure that major policy decisions align with regime principles despite elections?
• Which region accounted for 7% of Iran's foreign trade in the 19th century?
• Which institution drafted the 1979 constitution?